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A UNESCO World Heritage Site, rediscovered by the outside world in 1913, Machu Picchu is generally thought to be built by the Sapa Inca Pachacuti starting about 1440. It was inhabited until Spanish conquest in 1532.

Containing a large palace and temples to Incan deities around a courtyard with other buildings for support staff, it is estimated that a maximum of about 750 people resided on the site at any one time.