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Photographer's Note

Kawah Ijen volcano is one of several volcanoes located within the hugh 20km diameter Ijen Caldera in East Java, one of the most impressive natural wonders of Indonesia. lying at 2300m above sea level. The caldera rim is still visible in places, but has been partially buried by Kawah Ijen, Gunung Merapi, Gunung Rante and Gunung Pendil volcanoes. The caldera is today largely filled with coffee plantations that dominate much of the picturesque landscape. Kawah Ijen nearly 1 km wide harbours a large warm acidic crater lake, the world’s most acidic and the principal attraction here is sulphur which lies hidden between sheer walls of deeply furrowed rock at more than 200 meters. It is here, the site of a labor-intensive sulphur mining that hundreds of men carry out one of the most grueling and dangerous jobs in the world.

Their work begins with a climb up to the crater rim and down to the vent, where the sulphur forms. The sulphur is broken into manageable pieces with nothing more than metal rods, braving extremely dangerous gases and liquids with minimal protection and then loaded as much as they can carry into bamboo baskets and hand carried. The loads sometimes exceed 70 kg and are carried by the men up a winding path made of crumbling rocks and sand several kilometers to the weighing station. A single miner might make as many as two or three trips in a day. At the end of a long day, the miners can expect an amount of money considerably larger than anything they would make from most other jobs in rural Java. The sulphur is then used for vulcanizing rubber, bleaching sugar and other industrial processes nearby.

The acidic lake is without doubt offers the most stunning views at day break when the sun begins to shine the crater area and you will see the beautiful reflection of the golden sunlight reflecting in the lake's turquoise green - the solution of sulphuric acid and hydrogen chloride- with an ethereal brilliance. One of the most beautiful landscape I have ever seen in my life! Seeing at glance for the first time literally took my breath away. Standing on a top ridge looking down at that steamed poisonous sulphuric gas, is truly a fusion of natural beauty and fatal danger. The acidic nature of the gases also leads to irritation and inflammation of the eyes and sudden releases of large volumes of gas from the lake may be fatal to those near the bottom of the crater.

This was taken from the top rim facing north, the best vantage point but be prepaired by the welcoming pungent sulphur fumes!!

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Additional Photos by abmdsudi abmdsudi (abmdsudi) Gold Star Critiquer/Gold Star Workshop Editor/Gold Note Writer [C: 2601 W: 133 N: 5881] (26311)
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