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Photographer’s Note

TOASTING EINSTEIN

Türkçe: Fizik Nobel Ödülü kazanmis, yakin arkadasim William Phillips kahvesini üflüyordu. Çanagin üstünde görülen, Einstein'in portresini 30 yil evvel ben çizmistim — 1979 mesur fizikçinin dogumunun 100.cü yildönümüydü. Profösör Phillips Einstein'in bir teorisi hakkinda bir konferans vericekti.

In English: The date was March 14th, 2006, Albert Einstein's 125th birthday. William Phillips, gifted lecturer and physics Nobel Laureate, was about to give a talk on the Bose-Einstein condensate. In advent of his talk, Dr. Phillips was demonstrating how one might normally cool down a cup of coffee by blowing on it (infinitesimally, of course). In distinction, the technique of 'super-cooling' by trapping and cooling of atoms with laser beams, that he and his collaborators, Steven Chu and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, developed, earned for them the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics. They achieved temperatures approaching absolute zero to less than a millionth of a degree Celsius. (The process makes atomic clocks very much more accurate. Norman Ramsey, the physicist who won the 1989 Nobel Prize for the invention of the atomic clock was presented in one of my earlier TE photos, "Genius".)

Supercooling led to a new theoretical framework for understanding laser cooling, it also helped to confirm some earlier theories that were hitherto untested. In 1995, a team of scientists from NIST and the University of Colorado used supercooling techniques as a first step to create a new state of matter that had been predicted in the 1920s by Albert Einstein, using some new ideas from the Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose. This new state of matter — a new kind of gas called a "Bose-Einstein condensate" — occurs when the gas is very cold and dense and a large fraction of the atoms essentially stops moving.

I had drawn the portrait of Einstein printed on the cup while wearing my hat as an artist instead of a physicist. I was a member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in 1979, when the institution was gearing up to celebrate the Einstein Centennial. The great physicist, born on March 14, 1879 was a charter member of the Institute for Advanced Study, serving as a faculty member from 1930 to 1955, and attracting other gifted scientists and mathematicians.

Einstein had a quıck sense of humor. Once asked how he would be regarded if his theory of general relativity were proven correct, he responded, "If it is proven correct, the Germans wıll say İ am a German physicist, and the French will say I am a citizen of the world. If ıt turns out to be incorrect, the German will say I am a Jewish physicist, and the French will call me a German." Einstein was Time Magazine’s choice for the ‘Man of the 20th century.

I will be away from TE until August 21, while giving some talks in Europe. I wish a happy month to all my TE-friends.

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Additional Photos by Bulent Atalay (batalay) Gold Star Critiquer/Gold Star Workshop Editor/Gold Note Writer [C: 4575 W: 298 N: 6835] (21006)
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