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Photographer’s Note

THE PLUMB TOWER OF PISA

First, a disclaimer: this is not an advertisement for Saul Ewing, whom I do not know!

In a cartoon that one of my students once sent me, two medieval builders were seen, one whispering to the other, “We saved some money on the footings, but don’t worry, no one will ever notice!” Subsequently, I flew into Baltimore-Washington International Airport, and came across this poster — a large back-lit transparency of a medieval architect admiring the plans for his prospective masterpiece, and echoing the same message as my student’s cartoon.

On the grounds of the Campo di Miracoli in Pisa, sits the Cathedral or Duomo, the Baptistry and the famous bell tower. Work on the bell tower of the Cathedral commenced around AD 1160, but right from the beginning the tower began to lean. The builders would get discouraged, abandon it, only to come back and add a few more courses (there are eight courses altogether). Each time the builders returned, they would place heavier weights on the “high side.” With all the delays, the completion of the tower came two hundred years after the construction first began. The height of the tower is 55.86 m (183.27 ft), or approximately 18 stories. In the last two centuries, each time that a tower collapsed somewhere in Italy, a commission would be appointed to save the Tower of Pisa, and each commission’s effort would succeed in doing more harm than good. During WWII, Italian anti-aircraft gunners, trying to shoot down an Allied bomber flying overhead, missed the plane, and shot one of the columns of the much abused tower instead. Happily, the tower survived.

I had seen the Tower in the Campo di Miracoli in a number of visits to Pisa, but the tower itself was always closed to visitors. In 2003 I saw it with stabilizing cables on one side of the tower, and augurs neatly stacked next to the cables. This last effort finally succeeded in straightening the tower by about 40 cm, away from its fatal angle of inclination of 5.5°. They performed their feat by removing dirt from below the high side with the augurs, while stabilizing it with the cables. (Of course, no one would want to see the tower straightened all the way. Who would visit the "Plumb Tower of Pisa!") When I finally saw the tower open to visitors in July of 2005, I immediately purchased a ticket and ascended to the top. The fruits of that effort led to the posting of The Bell Hangs Straight.

Local tradition has it that four hundred years ago Galileo, the ‘Father of Physics,’ discovered the Law of Free Fall, after performing experiments in which he dropped objects from the top. There is no evidence that Galileo actually performed the experiment there, but he was a student and later a professor at the University of Pisa, and he did discover the law of free fall. Most likely, he made his discovery, according to his notes, by performing experiments in which balls were allowed to roll down inclined planes. (Over a century before Galileo, Leonardo had also discovered the acceleration of a falling body to be a constant, but did not bother to publish his results.) I would have liked to have repeated Galileo's experiment, dropping a few Euros from the side. But who wants to see the Euro drop!

I would like to dedicate this image to Salvator Barki, my compatriot and friend from Istanbul, who is allowing me to use his beautiful image of The Tower of Pisa in a lecture I’m scheduled to give on May 13 at the National Geographic Society. If anyone living in the Washington DC area is interested in attending, please see the announcement National Geographic Society about the lecture, "Leonardo's Universe.'

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Additional Photos by Bulent Atalay (batalay) Gold Star Critiquer/Gold Star Workshop Editor/Gold Note Writer [C: 4537 W: 295 N: 6786] (20836)
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