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A cenote is a deep natural pit, or sinkhole, characteristic of Mexico, resulting from the collapse of limestone bedrock that exposes groundwater underneath. Especially associated with the Yucatán Peninsula, and some nearby Caribbean islands, cenotes were sometimes used by the ancient Maya for sacrificial offerings. The term derives from a word used by the low-land Yucatec Maya, "Ts'onot" to refer to any location with accessible groundwater.
Cenotes are surface connections to subterranean water bodies.While the best-known cenotes are large open water pools measuring tens of meters in diameter, such as those at Chichén Itzá, the greatest number of cenotes are smaller sheltered sites and do not necessarily have any surface exposed water. The term cenote has also been used to describe similar karst features in other countries such as Cuba and Australia, in addition to the more generic term of sinkholes.
Cenote water is often very clear, as the water comes from rain water infiltrating slowly through the ground, and therefore contains very little suspended particulate matter. The groundwater flow rate within a cenote may be very slow at velocities ranging from 1 to 1,000 meters (3 to 3,000 ft) per year.In many cases, cenotes are areas where sections of cave roof have collapsed revealing an underlying cave system, and the water flow rates here may be much faster: up to 10 kilometers (6 mi) per day. Cenotes around the world attract cave divers who have documented extensive flooded cave systems through them, some of which have been explored for lengths of 100 km (62 mi) or more.
Cenotes are formed by dissolution of rock and the resulting subsurface void, which may or may not be linked to an active cave system, and the subsequent structural collapse of the rock ceiling above the void. Rock that falls into the water below is slowly removed by further dissolution, creating space for more collapse blocks. The rate of collapse increases during periods when the water table is below the ceiling of the void, since the rock ceiling is no longer buoyantly supported by the water in the void. Cenotes may be fully collapsed creating an open water pool, or partially collapsed with some portion of a rock overhang above the water. The stereotypical cenotes often resemble small circular ponds, measuring some tens of meters in diameter with sheer drops at the edges. Most cenotes, however, require some degree of stooping if not crawling to access the water.

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Cenote (pronunciato in spagnolo messicano [se'note]) è il nome dato in America Centrale e Messico meridionale a un tipo di grotta con presenza di acqua dolce. Il nome deriva dalla parola Maya dz'onot. Attualmente il termine è usato anche per descrivere fenomeni carsici simili in altre nazioni come l'Australia, dove sono semplicemente chiamati sinkholes e contengono profondi laghi di acqua dolce con trasparenza cristallina che attirano speleosub da tutto il mondo.
La formazione dei cenote viene fatta risalire a stadi di basso livello marino nel corso delle glaciazioni pleistoceniche. Rappresentano grotte carsiche parzialmente o totalmente collassate. Cenote allo stadio di maturità sono simili a piccoli laghi circolari o lagune con cascatelle ai margini. In alcuni casi i cenote sboccano in oceano. In questo caso si ha una mescolanza di acqua dolce e salata, e si può osservare uno strato torbido che rappresenta l'aloclino. Questo fenomeno si può presentare molti chilometri nell'entroterra, generalmente ad una profondità di 20-30 metri.
Cenote Park, situato a Playa del Carmen, Quintana Roo, Messico, contiene molti cenote. Questi danno accesso ad un esteso sistema di grotte allagate come la grotta Nohoch Nah Chich. Grotte come la Dos Ojos sono meta di speleosub e di ricerche organizzate per esplorare il sistema sotterraneo.Los Tres Oyos , situato a Santo Domingo, Repubblica Dominicana, zona di rifugio per la vita silvestre.

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Additional Photos by Luciano Gollini (lousat) Gold Star Critiquer/Gold Star Workshop Editor/Gold Note Writer [C: 5418 W: 107 N: 9626] (57542)
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