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The Poble Espanyol (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈpɔbːɫə əspəˈɲɔɫ], Spanish: Pueblo español, "Spanish Town") is an open-air architectural museum, located on the mountain of Montjuïc, in the city of Barcelona, Spain.

It was constructed in 1929, for the Barcelona International Exhibition, that was held in Barcelona that year.

Josep Puig i Cadafalch had the idea for the museum: a town in which the architecture, style, and culture of various locations from around Spain were preserved in a single place. The aim was to produce an "ideal model" Spanish village, a synthesis of monumental Spain. The architects that designed the town were Francesc Folguera and Ramon Reventós. In total, the town was built in 13 months, and although it was only needed for 6, for the exhibition, it was not demolished and was kept open as a museum.

The museum occupies a total area of 42,000 m2 and contains 117 buildings, with streets and squares reproduced to scale.