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The availability of fossil energy has been considered as one of the major foundation of the modern growth.

Societies around the world assisted to a process of energy transition from a vegetable or organic stage to an inorganic or mineral stage.

However, the magnitude and speed of the process varied according different regions in the world. While the developed countries are today almost totally dependent on fossil fuels, most of the underdeveloped regions in the globe still rely mainly on traditional energy carriers as biomass and muscular energy.


Also in Europe, the transition to fossil energy was very different according countries. For the British and Dutch economy, this process can be traced back in the 16th or 17th century, for others it occurred only in 19th or 20th century.

Until very recently, however, no attempts were made to quantify traditional energy carriers; most of the works concentred only on modern sources.

Without a quantification of traditional energy sources it remains difficult to understand the nature
of the transition itself. Were fossil fuels replacing the old ones or where they just a function of new uses? Is the speed of adoption of new fuels inversely proportional to the rejection of the old ones? How to measure energy efficiency without the quantification of the traditional energy basis?

The National Control System of “Electricidade de Portugal” EDP is a two-tier scheme which comprises nine control centers and 60 remote terminal units... so I read...
This system became operational in 1988. Experience in the energy management system industry shows that projects of this nature have certain requirements in several areas for a smooth completion.

These areas include specification of the system, design and application of the purchased product, and the procurement of the system.

At the "end" the employees that worked in the control of power conversion plants are no longer necessary...SUCH AS this standalone power transformation “station” ...
Thanks for he sharing...the thoughts.






Model - NIKON D300
DateTime - 2008:04:04 23:14:01
ExposureTime - 1/8 seconds
FNumber - 5
ExposureProgram - Manual control
ISOSpeedRatings - 320
MeteringMode - Multi-segment
LightSource - Tungsten
FocalLength - 50 mm
ExposureMode - Manual
White Balance - Manual
Image Quality - RAW
White Balance - INCANDESCENT
Noise Reduction - OFF
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