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The clarinet is a musical instrument in the woodwind family. The name derives from adding the suffix -et meaning little to the Italian word clarino meaning a particular type of trumpet, as the first clarinets had a strident tone similar to that of a trumpet. The instrument has an approximately cylindrical bore, and uses a single reed.

Clarinets actually comprise a family of instruments of differing sizes and pitches. It is the largest such instrument family, with more than a dozen types. Of these many are rare or obsolete, and music written for them is usually played on one of the more common size instruments. The unmodified word clarinet usually refers to the B♭ soprano clarinet, by far the most common clarinet.

A person who plays the clarinet is called a clarinetist or clarinettist.

The cylindrical bore is largely responsible for the clarinet's distinctive timbre, which varies between its three main registers. It can play over 4 octaves depending on the ability of the musician. The tone quality can vary greatly with the musician, the music, the style of clarinet, and the reed. The differences in instruments and geographical isolation of players in different countries led to the development, from the last part of the 18th century on, of several different schools of clarinet playing. The most prominent of these schools were the German/Viennese traditions and the French school, centered around the clarinetists of the Conservatoire de Paris. Increasingly, through the proliferation of recorded music, examples of many different styles of clarinet playing have become available to developing clarinetists. The modern clarinetist has an eclectic palette of "acceptable" tone qualities to choose from.

The A clarinet and B♭ clarinet have nearly the same bore, and use the same mouthpiece. Orchestral players often use both A and B♭ instruments in the same concert, but use only one mouthpiece (and often the same barrel), which they swap between the two as needed (see 'usage' below). The A and the B♭ instruments have nearly identical tonal quality, although the A will generally have a slightly warmer sound.

The tone of the E♭ clarinet is brighter than that of the lower clarinets and can be heard even through loud orchestral textures.

The bass clarinet has a characteristically deep, mellow sound. The alto clarinet is similar in sound to the bass, and the basset horn has a tone quality similar to the A clarinet.

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Additional Photos by J Cat Jasmis (jasmis) Gold Star Critiquer/Gold Star Workshop Editor/Gold Note Writer [C: 3249 W: 806 N: 3850] (50094)
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