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Valletta is the capital city of Malta. It is located in the central-eastern portion of the island of Malta and has a population of 6,315.
Valletta, the Città Umilissima, is essentially Baroque in character, with elements of Mannerist, Neo-Classical and Modern architecture in selected areas. Although many of its treasures survive, World War II left major scars on the city. The City of Valletta was officially recognised as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1980.
The foundation stone of Valletta was laid by the Grandmaster of the Order of Saint John, Jean Parisot de la Valette on 28 March 1566. The Order decided to found a new city on the Xiberras peninsula just after the end of the Siege of Malta in 1565, so as to fortify the Order's position in Malta and bind the Knights to the island. The city was designed by Francesco Laparelli. Many of the most important buildings were built by the Maltese architect Gerolamo Cassar. Valletta is an urban area which boasts many buildings from the 16th century and onwards, many built during the rule of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem (the Knights Hospitaller).

The city's plan was a departure from medieval Maltese architecture, which exhibited irregular winding streets and alleys. Laparelli designed the new city with rectangular grids, without any collacchio (an area restricted for important buildings). The streets were designed to be wide and straight, beginning centrally from the City Gate to end at Fort Saint Elmo overlooking the Mediterranean. Certain bastions were built 153 feet (47 m) tall.
After the Knights' departure and the brief French occupation, building projects in Valletta resumed under British rule. They widened gates, demolished and rebuilt structures, widened newer houses over the years, and installed civic projects.
Nazi and Fascist air raids throughout World War II destroyed areas of the city and its infrastructure.

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Additional Photos by Francis Xavier Camilleri (Fransx) Gold Star Critiquer/Gold Note Writer [C: 227 W: 0 N: 118] (1453)
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