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Lapland, (also Lappland, Sápmi, Samiland, and Saamiland), is a region traditionally inhabited by the Sami people. It is located in Northern Europe and includes the northern parts of Scandinavia and Finland with the Kola peninsula in Russia. With the fall of the Soviet Union and increasing internationalization, co-operation across borders is becoming more important and existing county and national borders less important. This is true both for the Sami aboriginal population and the non-Sami and Sami-descent majority population.
Sápmi is the name in the Northern Sami language and usually used in official context to denote Sami rights, while the name Lapland is the common English spelling of the Swedish Lappland. The name in Finnish is Lappi and in Norwegian Finnmark. (Sápmi includes all cross-country lands.) The name traditionally used in Latin is Fenni, but since 13th century Laponia has replaced this word. The choice of words for the people and language is becoming a matter of political correctness, but provinces and counties still carry the old ("lap") names.
The area covered by Lapland is about 388,350 sq km (150,000 sq mi), most of which lies north of the Arctic Circle. The western portion is an area of fiords, deep valleys, glaciers, and mountains, the highest point being Mount Kebnekaise (2,111 m/6,926 ft), in Swedish Lapland. Farther east, the terrain is that of a low plateau, containing many marshes and lakes, the most important of which is Lake Inari, in Finnish Lapland. The extreme eastern section lies within the tundra region.
Most inhabitants of Saamiland are Saami (Sámi or Lapps), who speak a Finno-Ugric language also known as Saami. About a third of Saami are nomadic, living during the winter in the interior and during the summer on the coast. Other Saami live permanently in scattered settlements on the coast and fiords, and many are established in villages at the heads of valleys or on well-stocked lakes. The Saami live mostly in Norway, where they are called samer. Their principal occupation is herding reindeer, from which both food and clothing are derived; other occupations are hunting and fishing. The Saami were conquered by the Norsemen in the 9th century AD and by the Russians in the 11th century. Between the 13th and the 17th centuries they were ruled by Sweden. Saamiland was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.

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