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The traditions of Indian dance and dance dramas are among the most perplexingly complex and varied theatrical cultures of the world. The geographical vastness, different ecological conditions, multiplicity of races and their languages, the complex religious beliefs and ritual practices and equally intricate social structure have all contributed in creating the most colorful panorama of dance and dance drama traditions.

Among the neo classical dance and dance dramas of india like Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kuchipudi, Odissi, Kathakali and a few more, Chhau, the rare tribal masked warfare dance of eastern India is quite unique.

The tribal belt where the tribals and other common people perform Chhau dances is distributed into three adjoining states, Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.The three forms of Chhau are named after the district or village where they are performed, i.e. the Purulia Chhau of Bengal, the Seraikella Chau of Bihar and the Mayurbhanj Chau of Orissa.

Due to lack of sustained patronage and guidance,Chau show very little evolvement over the years as its origin is primarily hunting or warfare.

The dance is performed with the rustic music from the "Dhol" or "dhumsaa" (rural drum made from animal skin) and the "marui" (mouth blown musical instrument made of animal horn)which are virtually the kingpins of any chhau performance. It not only fills the dancer with rhythmic inspiration but also is the main weaver of the fascinating percussive tapestry of chhau music. While Dhol gives the character to chhau music, the powerful, reverberating beats of Dhumsaa underlines its virile personality.the marui gives the requisite feminine touch.Most of the dances have a religious association with representation of the Hindu deities and the victory of good over evil forming an integral part of their choreography.

Chhau is a fascinating in its own way and amply enriches the performing arts heritage of this India.